CAT
Caterpillar Inc.
CAT's fundamentals are strong, but it looks expensive: trading at 24x earnings, above its usual 18x. Analysts expect strong earnings growth, though they disagree widely on how much.
RAYA
Erayak Power Solution Group Inc.
There isn't enough reported data to score RAYA yet.
CAT Fundamentals
| Metric | Status |
|---|---|
| Healthy | |
| Strong | |
| Strong | |
| Strong |
CAT's revenue, profitability, cash flow and balance sheet are all currently healthy.
RAYA Fundamentals
| Metric | Status |
|---|---|
| Unavailable | |
| Healthy | |
| Unavailable | |
| Strong |
RAYA's profitability and balance sheet are currently healthy. There isn't enough data to rate its revenue and cash flow.
CAT PE Valuation
| Level | PE | Price | Vs current |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cheap | 15x | $380 | -37% |
| Fair | 18x | $461 | -24% |
| Forward | 20x | $605 | — |
| Current | 24x | $605 | — |
| Expensive | 33x | $840 | +39% |
Historical ranges are pointers, not guarantees.
CAT's PE is in its expensive range at 24x. If earnings grow as analysts expect, today's price would be 20x next year's earnings, in its fair range.
RAYA PE Valuation
RAYA has no meaningful PE right now: it lost money over the past year.
CAT Forward outlook
| Metric | Outlook |
|---|---|
| Improving | |
| Strong growth | |
| Growth | |
| Improving | |
| Moderate | |
| Low |
Analysts expect earnings and revenue growth for CAT, with profitability improving. However, they disagree widely on these estimates.
RAYA Forward outlook
There aren't enough analyst estimates for RAYA to show an outlook.
CAT Earnings Per Share
| Quarter | TTM EPS | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Forward | $29.73 | +17% |
| Q3 2026 | $25.48 | +31% |
| Q2 2026 | $23.23 | +18% |
| Q1 2026 | $20.08 | -2% |
| Q4 2025 | $18.81 | -15% |
| Q3 2025 | $19.46 | -9.7% |
| Q2 2025 | $19.64 | -10% |
| Q1 2025 | $20.50 | -7.4% |
| Q4 2024 | $22.05 | +9.6% |
CAT has the edge over RAYA in the latest year-over-year earnings comparison.
RAYA Earnings Per Share
| Quarter | TTM EPS | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q2 2025 | $0.20 | +$0.30 |
| Q4 2024 | -$0.40 | -140% |
| Q4 2023 | $1.00 | -74% |
RAYA's earnings per share have fallen from their peak: $0.20 over the past year, against $3.80 in late 2022.
CAT Quarterly Revenue
| Quarter | Revenue | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $20.7B | +17% |
| Q2 2026 | $20.5B | +24% |
| Q1 2026 | $17.4B | +22% |
| Q4 2025 | $19.1B | +18% |
| Q3 2025 | $17.6B | +9.5% |
| Q2 2025 | $16.6B | -0.7% |
| Q1 2025 | $14.2B | -9.8% |
| Q4 2024 | $16.2B | -5% |
CAT's revenue has grown year over year for five quarters in a row: $20.7B last quarter, up 17% from the same quarter a year ago.
| Quarter | Margin | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | 20% | +3.1 points |
| Q2 2026 | 21% | +3.6 points |
| Q1 2026 | 18% | -0.4 points |
| Q4 2025 | 14% | -4.1 points |
| Q3 2025 | 17% | -2.2 points |
| Q2 2025 | 17% | -3.6 points |
| Q1 2025 | 18% | -4.2 points |
| Q4 2024 | 18% | -0.3 points |
CAT's operating margin was 20% last quarter, up 3.1 points from the same quarter a year ago.
RAYA Quarterly Revenue
| Quarter | Revenue | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q4 2025 | $14.1M | -23% |
| Q2 2025 | $8.7M | -27% |
| Q4 2024 | $18.4M | +69% |
| Q2 2024 | $11.9M | +26% |
| Q4 2023 | $10.9M | -60% |
RAYA has the edge over CAT in the latest year-over-year revenue comparison.
| Quarter | Margin | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q4 2025 | -7.2% | -8 points |
| Q2 2025 | -7.2% | -14 points |
| Q4 2024 | -1.5% | -17 points |
| Q2 2024 | -11% | N/A |
| Q4 2023 | 0.8% | N/A |
| Q2 2023 | 7% | N/A |
| Q4 2022 | 15% | N/A |
RAYA's operating margin was −7.2% last quarter, down 8 points from the same quarter a year ago.
CAT Free Cash Flow
| Quarter | Free cash flow | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $3.7B | +19% |
| Q2 2026 | $3.8B | +47% |
| Q1 2026 | $1.1B | +97% |
| Q4 2025 | $2.7B | +0.1% |
| Q3 2025 | $3.1B | -1.5% |
| Q2 2025 | $2.6B | -4.2% |
| Q1 2025 | $579M | -63% |
| Q4 2024 | $2.7B | -22% |
CAT generated $11.3B in free cash flow over the past year, up 26% from the year before.
RAYA Free Cash Flow
| Quarter | Free cash flow | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q4 2025 | -$5.7M | -$2.7M |
| Q2 2025 | -$2.7M | +$10.7M |
RAYA and CAT do not have enough comparable growth data to identify a winner.
CAT Total Shares
| Period | Change % | Net change |
|---|---|---|
| Quarterly | -0.3% | -1.6M shares |
| 1 year | -2.1% | -9.9M shares |
| 3 years | -10% | -51.7M shares |
| 5 years | -16% | -86.7M shares |
| Available history | -19% | -107M shares |
CAT has the edge over RAYA on shareholder dilution, with a more favorable share count trend.
| Quarter | Spent |
|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $1.2B |
| Q2 2026 | $1.5B |
| Q1 2026 | $5B |
| Q4 2025 | $340M |
| Q3 2025 | $362M |
| Q2 2025 | $828M |
| Q1 2025 | $3.7B |
| Q4 2024 | $640M |
CAT spent $8.1B buying back its own shares over the past year, up 47% from the year before.
RAYA Total Shares
| Period | Change % | Net change |
|---|---|---|
| Quarterly | +239% | +3.6M shares |
| 1 year | +453% | +4.1M shares |
RAYA has 5M diluted shares, up 453% from a year ago.
CAT Net Leverage
| Quarter | Net Leverage | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | -0.5x | Net Cash |
| Q2 2026 | -0.4x | Net Cash |
| Q1 2026 | -0.3x | Net Cash |
| Q4 2025 | 2.0x | Healthy |
| Q3 2025 | -0.6x | Net Cash |
| Q2 2025 | -0.4x | Net Cash |
| Q1 2025 | -0.3x | Net Cash |
| Q4 2024 | 1.6x | Healthy |
CAT has more cash than debt.
RAYA Net Leverage
| Quarter | Net Leverage | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Q4 2023 | -3.3x | Net Cash |
RAYA has more cash than debt.
CAT Weekly Momentum
| Metric | Value | Status |
|---|---|---|
| RSI | 32.7 | Neutral |
| Stochastic | 6.7 | Oversold |
CAT's weekly RSI is 33 (neutral) and its Stochastic is 7 (oversold).
RAYA Weekly Momentum
| Metric | Value | Status |
|---|---|---|
| RSI | 0.3 | Oversold |
| Stochastic | 3.8 | Oversold |
RAYA's weekly RSI is 0 (oversold) and its Stochastic is 4 (oversold).
CAT PE vs Industrials Sector
| Metric | CAT | Sector median | Relative |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE | 24x | 24x | 1.1% below |
| PE % | 69 | 58 | 11 pts above |
CAT is trading at 24x earnings, in line with the Industrials sector's median of 24x.
RAYA PE vs Industrials Sector
| Metric | RAYA | Sector median | Relative |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE | N/A | 24x | — |
RAYA has no meaningful PE right now: it lost money over the past year.
CAT Weekly Moving Averages
| Moving average | MA price | Relative |
|---|---|---|
| 8 week MA | $709.0 | 15% below |
| 20 week MA | $797.0 | 24% below |
| 50 week MA | $771.3 | 22% below |
| 100 week MA | $586.7 | 3.2% above |
| 200 week MA | $443.1 | 37% above |
CAT has stronger trend alignment. CAT is above 2 of 5 weekly averages versus RAYA above 0 of 3.
RAYA Weekly Moving Averages
| Moving average | MA price | Relative |
|---|---|---|
| 8 week MA | $1.32 | 64% below |
| 20 week MA | $2.00 | 76% below |
| 50 week MA | $9.31 | 95% below |
RAYA is in a downtrend: it's below all three of its weekly moving averages, and 95% below its 50-week average.
CAT Yearly ROI
| Year | Start price | End price | ROI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $148.3 | $179.6 | +21% |
| 2021 | $179.6 | $206.2 | +15% |
| 2022 | $206.2 | $239.9 | +16% |
| 2023 | $239.9 | $295.7 | +23% |
| 2024 | $295.7 | $364.9 | +23% |
| 2025 | $364.9 | $583.0 | +60% |
| 2026 YTD | $583.0 | $605.3 | +3.8% |
CAT has the edge over RAYA on returns for 2026, with the stronger performance.
RAYA Yearly ROI
| Year | Start price | End price | ROI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $6,731.9 | $40.4 | -99% |
| 2026 YTD | $40.4 | $0.48 | -99% |
RAYA has finished every year since 2025 lower, and it's down 99% so far in 2026.