CAT
Caterpillar Inc.
CAT's fundamentals are strong, but it looks expensive: trading at 24x earnings, above its usual 18x. Analysts expect strong earnings growth, though they disagree widely on how much.
GFAI
Guardforce AI Co., Limited
There isn't enough reported data to score GFAI yet.
CAT Fundamentals
| Metric | Status |
|---|---|
| Healthy | |
| Strong | |
| Strong | |
| Strong |
CAT's revenue, profitability, cash flow and balance sheet are all currently healthy.
GFAI Fundamentals
| Metric | Status |
|---|---|
| Unavailable | |
| Weak | |
| Unavailable | |
| Unavailable |
GFAI's profitability is currently weak. There isn't enough data to rate its revenue, cash flow and balance sheet.
CAT PE Valuation
| Level | PE | Price | Vs current |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cheap | 15x | $380 | -37% |
| Fair | 18x | $461 | -24% |
| Forward | 20x | $605 | — |
| Current | 24x | $605 | — |
| Expensive | 33x | $840 | +39% |
Historical ranges are pointers, not guarantees.
CAT's PE is in its expensive range at 24x. If earnings grow as analysts expect, today's price would be 20x next year's earnings, in its fair range.
GFAI PE Valuation
GFAI has no meaningful PE right now: it lost money over the past year.
CAT Forward outlook
| Metric | Outlook |
|---|---|
| Improving | |
| Strong growth | |
| Growth | |
| Strongly improving | |
| Moderate | |
| Low |
Analysts expect earnings and revenue growth for CAT, with profitability improving. However, they disagree widely on these estimates.
GFAI Forward outlook
There aren't enough analyst estimates for GFAI to show an outlook.
CAT Earnings Per Share
| Quarter | TTM EPS | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Forward | $30.32 | +19% |
| Q3 2026 | $25.48 | +31% |
| Q2 2026 | $23.23 | +18% |
| Q1 2026 | $20.08 | -2% |
| Q4 2025 | $18.81 | -15% |
| Q3 2025 | $19.46 | -9.7% |
| Q2 2025 | $19.64 | -10% |
| Q1 2025 | $20.50 | -7.4% |
| Q4 2024 | $22.05 | +9.6% |
CAT earned $25.48 per share over the past year, up 31% from the year before.
GFAI Earnings Per Share
GFAI and CAT do not have enough comparable growth data to identify a winner.
CAT Quarterly Revenue
| Quarter | Revenue | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $20.7B | +17% |
| Q2 2026 | $20.5B | +24% |
| Q1 2026 | $17.4B | +22% |
| Q4 2025 | $19.1B | +18% |
| Q3 2025 | $17.6B | +9.5% |
| Q2 2025 | $16.6B | -0.7% |
| Q1 2025 | $14.2B | -9.8% |
| Q4 2024 | $16.2B | -5% |
CAT has the edge over GFAI in the latest year-over-year revenue comparison.
| Quarter | Margin | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | 20% | +3.1 points |
| Q2 2026 | 21% | +3.6 points |
| Q1 2026 | 18% | -0.4 points |
| Q4 2025 | 14% | -4.1 points |
| Q3 2025 | 17% | -2.2 points |
| Q2 2025 | 17% | -3.6 points |
| Q1 2025 | 18% | -4.2 points |
| Q4 2024 | 18% | -0.3 points |
CAT has the edge over GFAI on profitability, with a higher operating margin.
GFAI Quarterly Revenue
| Quarter | Revenue | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q2 2026 | $18.3M | +0.3% |
| Q4 2025 | $17M | -9.3% |
| Q2 2025 | $18.2M | +3.6% |
| Q4 2024 | $18.8M | +5.1% |
| Q2 2024 | $17.6M | -4.6% |
| Q4 2023 | $17.9M | +1.9% |
| Q2 2023 | $18.4M | +8.7% |
| Q4 2022 | $17.5M | +4.7% |
GFAI's revenue has held roughly level: $18M last quarter, up 4% from the same quarter a year ago.
| Quarter | Margin | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q2 2026 | -18% | -6.1 points |
| Q4 2025 | -20% | +78 points |
| Q2 2025 | -14% | +51 points |
| Q4 2024 | -25% | +40 points |
| Q2 2024 | -12% | +21 points |
| Q4 2023 | -97% | -83 points |
| Q2 2023 | -65% | N/A |
| Q4 2022 | -65% | N/A |
GFAI's operating margin was −18% last quarter, down 6.1 points from the same quarter a year ago.
CAT Free Cash Flow
| Quarter | Free cash flow | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $3.7B | +19% |
| Q2 2026 | $3.8B | +47% |
| Q1 2026 | $1.1B | +97% |
| Q4 2025 | $2.7B | +0.1% |
| Q3 2025 | $3.1B | -1.5% |
| Q2 2025 | $2.6B | -4.2% |
| Q1 2025 | $579M | -63% |
| Q4 2024 | $2.7B | -22% |
CAT generated $11.3B in free cash flow over the past year, up 26% from the year before.
GFAI Free Cash Flow
| Quarter | Free cash flow | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q2 2026 | -$1.5M | +$16.6K |
| Q4 2025 | $894.8K | +$2.6M |
| Q2 2025 | -$1.5M | +$319.7K |
| Q4 2024 | -$1.7M | -$304.1K |
| Q2 2024 | -$1.8M | +$32.7K |
| Q4 2023 | -$1.4M | +$6M |
| Q2 2023 | -$1.9M | +$14.3M |
| Q4 2022 | -$7.5M | -$2.7M |
GFAI has burned cash in almost every quarter: −$4M over the past year, against −$13M the year before.
CAT Total Shares
| Period | Change % | Net change |
|---|---|---|
| Quarterly | -0.3% | -1.6M shares |
| 1 year | -2.1% | -9.9M shares |
| 3 years | -10% | -51.7M shares |
| 5 years | -16% | -86.7M shares |
| Available history | -19% | -107M shares |
CAT has the edge over GFAI on shareholder dilution, with a more favorable share count trend.
| Quarter | Spent |
|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $1.2B |
| Q2 2026 | $1.5B |
| Q1 2026 | $5B |
| Q4 2025 | $340M |
| Q3 2025 | $362M |
| Q2 2025 | $828M |
| Q1 2025 | $3.7B |
| Q4 2024 | $640M |
CAT spent $8.1B buying back its own shares over the past year, up 47% from the year before.
GFAI Total Shares
| Period | Change % | Net change |
|---|---|---|
| Quarterly | +66% | +11.8M shares |
| 1 year | +832% | +26.4M shares |
GFAI has 30M diluted shares, up 832% from a year ago.
| Quarter | Spent |
|---|---|
| Q2 2026 | $192,773 |
| Q4 2025 | — |
| Q4 2021 | — |
CAT Net Leverage
| Quarter | Net Leverage | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | -0.5x | Net Cash |
| Q2 2026 | -0.4x | Net Cash |
| Q1 2026 | -0.3x | Net Cash |
| Q4 2025 | 2.0x | Healthy |
| Q3 2025 | -0.6x | Net Cash |
| Q2 2025 | -0.4x | Net Cash |
| Q1 2025 | -0.3x | Net Cash |
| Q4 2024 | 1.6x | Healthy |
CAT has more cash than debt.
GFAI Net Leverage
GFAI's operating earnings (EBITDA) were negative over the past year, so its debt can't be measured against them.
CAT Weekly Momentum
| Metric | Value | Status |
|---|---|---|
| RSI | 32.7 | Neutral |
| Stochastic | 6.7 | Oversold |
CAT's weekly RSI is 33 (neutral) and its Stochastic is 7 (oversold).
GFAI Weekly Momentum
| Metric | Value | Status |
|---|---|---|
| RSI | 26.7 | Oversold |
| Stochastic | 0.8 | Oversold |
GFAI's weekly RSI is 27 (oversold) and its Stochastic is 1 (oversold).
CAT PE vs Industrials Sector
| Metric | CAT | Sector median | Relative |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE | 24x | 24x | 1.3% below |
| PE % | 69 | 58 | 11 pts above |
CAT is trading at 24x earnings, in line with the Industrials sector's median of 24x.
GFAI PE vs Industrials Sector
GFAI has no meaningful PE right now: it lost money over the past year.
CAT Weekly Moving Averages
| Moving average | MA price | Relative |
|---|---|---|
| 8 week MA | $709.0 | 15% below |
| 20 week MA | $797.0 | 24% below |
| 50 week MA | $771.3 | 22% below |
| 100 week MA | $586.7 | 3.2% above |
| 200 week MA | $443.1 | 37% above |
CAT has the edge over GFAI on trend strength, trading above more of its moving averages.
GFAI Weekly Moving Averages
| Moving average | MA price | Relative |
|---|---|---|
| 8 week MA | $0.23 | 26% below |
| 20 week MA | $0.31 | 45% below |
| 50 week MA | $0.45 | 62% below |
| 100 week MA | $0.83 | 80% below |
| 200 week MA | $2.64 | 94% below |
GFAI is in a downtrend: it's below all five of its weekly moving averages, and 94% below its 200-week average.
CAT Yearly ROI
| Year | Start price | End price | ROI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $148.3 | $179.6 | +21% |
| 2021 | $179.6 | $206.2 | +15% |
| 2022 | $206.2 | $239.9 | +16% |
| 2023 | $239.9 | $295.7 | +23% |
| 2024 | $295.7 | $364.9 | +23% |
| 2025 | $364.9 | $583.0 | +60% |
| 2026 YTD | $583.0 | $605.3 | +3.8% |
CAT has the edge over GFAI on returns for 2026, with the stronger performance.
GFAI Yearly ROI
| Year | Start price | End price | ROI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | $100.0 | $54.4 | -46% |
| 2022 | $54.4 | $5.72 | -89% |
| 2023 | $5.72 | $3.32 | -42% |
| 2024 | $3.32 | $1.53 | -54% |
| 2025 | $1.53 | $0.65 | -58% |
| 2026 YTD | $0.65 | $0.17 | -74% |
GFAI has finished every year since 2021 lower, and it's down 74% so far in 2026.