CAT
Caterpillar Inc.
CAT has lower modeled downside risk, despite its lower overall score.
ESOA
Energy Services of America Corporation
ESOA has a slight edge over CAT overall, supported by stronger valuation.
CAT Fundamentals
| Metric | Status |
|---|---|
| Healthy | |
| Strong | |
| Strong | |
| Strong |
CAT's revenue, profitability, cash flow and balance sheet are all currently healthy.
ESOA Fundamentals
| Metric | Status |
|---|---|
| Healthy | |
| Healthy | |
| Stable | |
| Strong |
ESOA's revenue, profitability and balance sheet are currently healthy, and its cash flow is stable.
CAT PE Valuation
| Level | PE | Price | Vs current |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cheap | 15x | $380 | -37% |
| Fair | 18x | $461 | -24% |
| Forward | 20x | $605 | — |
| Current | 24x | $605 | — |
| Expensive | 33x | $840 | +39% |
Historical ranges are pointers, not guarantees.
CAT has the edge over ESOA in the historical PE scenario, which offers more potential upside but is not a forecast.
ESOA PE Valuation
| Level | PE | Price | Vs current |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cheap | 6.3x | $3.84 | -56% |
| Forward | 10x | $8.78 | — |
| Fair | 13x | $8.01 | -8.8% |
| Current | 14x | $8.78 | — |
| Expensive | 31x | $18.69 | +113% |
Historical ranges are pointers, not guarantees.
ESOA's PE is in its fair range at 14x. If earnings grow as analysts expect, today's price would be 10x next year's earnings.
CAT Forward outlook
| Metric | Outlook |
|---|---|
| Improving | |
| Strong growth | |
| Growth | |
| Strongly improving | |
| Moderate | |
| Low |
Analysts expect earnings and revenue growth for CAT, with profitability improving. However, they disagree widely on these estimates.
ESOA Forward outlook
| Metric | Outlook |
|---|---|
| Strongly improving | |
| Strong growth | |
| Growth | |
| Strongly improving | |
| Limited | |
| Low |
Analysts expect earnings and revenue growth for ESOA, with profitability improving. However, they disagree widely on these estimates.
CAT Earnings Per Share
| Quarter | TTM EPS | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Forward | $30.32 | +19% |
| Q3 2026 | $25.48 | +31% |
| Q2 2026 | $23.23 | +18% |
| Q1 2026 | $20.08 | -2% |
| Q4 2025 | $18.81 | -15% |
| Q3 2025 | $19.46 | -9.7% |
| Q2 2025 | $19.64 | -10% |
| Q1 2025 | $20.50 | -7.4% |
| Q4 2024 | $22.05 | +9.6% |
CAT earned $25.48 per share over the past year, up 31% from the year before.
ESOA Earnings Per Share
| Quarter | TTM EPS | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Forward | $0.84 | +38% |
| Q2 2026 | $0.61 | +281% |
| Q1 2026 | $0.55 | -50% |
| Q4 2025 | $0.13 | -91% |
| Q3 2025 | $0.02 | -99% |
| Q2 2025 | $0.16 | -89% |
| Q1 2025 | $1.10 | +86% |
| Q4 2024 | $1.44 | +162% |
| Q3 2024 | $1.51 | +243% |
ESOA has the edge over CAT on earnings, with more consistent year-over-year improvement.
CAT Quarterly Revenue
| Quarter | Revenue | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $20.7B | +17% |
| Q2 2026 | $20.5B | +24% |
| Q1 2026 | $17.4B | +22% |
| Q4 2025 | $19.1B | +18% |
| Q3 2025 | $17.6B | +9.5% |
| Q2 2025 | $16.6B | -0.7% |
| Q1 2025 | $14.2B | -9.8% |
| Q4 2024 | $16.2B | -5% |
CAT's revenue has grown year over year for five quarters in a row: $20.7B last quarter, up 17% from the same quarter a year ago.
| Quarter | Margin | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | 20% | +3.1 points |
| Q2 2026 | 21% | +3.6 points |
| Q1 2026 | 18% | -0.4 points |
| Q4 2025 | 14% | -4.1 points |
| Q3 2025 | 17% | -2.2 points |
| Q2 2025 | 17% | -3.6 points |
| Q1 2025 | 18% | -4.2 points |
| Q4 2024 | 18% | -0.3 points |
CAT has the edge over ESOA on profitability, with a higher operating margin.
ESOA Quarterly Revenue
| Quarter | Revenue | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q2 2026 | $130M | +25% |
| Q1 2026 | $93.2M | +22% |
| Q4 2025 | $114.1M | +13% |
| Q3 2025 | $130.1M | +24% |
| Q2 2025 | $103.6M | +21% |
| Q1 2025 | $76.7M | +7.8% |
| Q4 2024 | $100.6M | +12% |
| Q3 2024 | $104.7M | -0.2% |
ESOA has the edge over CAT on sales, with more consistent year-over-year improvement.
| Quarter | Margin | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q2 2026 | 3.6% | +0.5 points |
| Q1 2026 | 1.1% | +12 points |
| Q4 2025 | 4.3% | +2.7 points |
| Q3 2025 | 5.8% | -2.6 points |
| Q2 2025 | 3.1% | -6.8 points |
| Q1 2025 | -11% | -9 points |
| Q4 2024 | 1.6% | -2.4 points |
| Q3 2024 | 8.4% | 0 points |
ESOA's operating margin was 3.6% last quarter, up 0.5 points from the same quarter a year ago.
CAT Free Cash Flow
| Quarter | Free cash flow | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $3.7B | +19% |
| Q2 2026 | $3.8B | +47% |
| Q1 2026 | $1.1B | +97% |
| Q4 2025 | $2.7B | +0.1% |
| Q3 2025 | $3.1B | -1.5% |
| Q2 2025 | $2.6B | -4.2% |
| Q1 2025 | $579M | -63% |
| Q4 2024 | $2.7B | -22% |
CAT generated $11.3B in free cash flow over the past year, up 26% from the year before.
ESOA Free Cash Flow
| Quarter | Free cash flow | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q2 2026 | -$4.8M | -$4.2M |
| Q1 2026 | -$62.2K | +$1M |
| Q4 2025 | $16.8M | +180% |
| Q3 2025 | -$6.5M | -$3.6M |
| Q2 2025 | -$582K | -104% |
| Q1 2025 | -$1.1M | +$3.8M |
| Q4 2024 | $6M | +305% |
| Q3 2024 | -$2.9M | -135% |
ESOA has burned cash in six of the last eight quarters: $5M over the past year, about four times what it generated the year before.
CAT Total Shares
| Period | Change % | Net change |
|---|---|---|
| Quarterly | -0.3% | -1.6M shares |
| 1 year | -2.1% | -9.9M shares |
| 3 years | -10% | -51.7M shares |
| 5 years | -16% | -86.7M shares |
| Available history | -19% | -107M shares |
CAT has the edge over ESOA on shareholder dilution, with a more favorable share count trend.
| Quarter | Spent |
|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $1.2B |
| Q2 2026 | $1.5B |
| Q1 2026 | $5B |
| Q4 2025 | $340M |
| Q3 2025 | $362M |
| Q2 2025 | $828M |
| Q1 2025 | $3.7B |
| Q4 2024 | $640M |
CAT spent $8.1B buying back its own shares over the past year, up 47% from the year before.
ESOA Total Shares
| Period | Change % | Net change |
|---|---|---|
| Quarterly | +6.2% | +1.1M shares |
| 1 year | +12% | +2M shares |
| 3 years | +12% | +2.1M shares |
| 5 years | +9.2% | +1.6M shares |
| Available history | +7.4% | +1.3M shares |
ESOA has 19M diluted shares, up 12% from a year ago.
| Quarter | Spent |
|---|---|
| Q2 2026 | — |
| Q1 2026 | $1,288 |
| Q4 2025 | $846,530 |
| Q3 2025 | — |
| Q3 2024 | — |
| Q3 2023 | — |
| Q2 2023 | $147,960 |
| Q3 2020 | — |
ESOA spent $847,818 buying back its own shares over the past year.
CAT Net Leverage
| Quarter | Net Leverage | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | -0.5x | Net Cash |
| Q2 2026 | -0.4x | Net Cash |
| Q1 2026 | -0.3x | Net Cash |
| Q4 2025 | 2.0x | Healthy |
| Q3 2025 | -0.6x | Net Cash |
| Q2 2025 | -0.4x | Net Cash |
| Q1 2025 | -0.3x | Net Cash |
| Q4 2024 | 1.6x | Healthy |
CAT has the edge over ESOA on leverage, with a lower net debt burden relative to earnings.
ESOA Net Leverage
| Quarter | Net Leverage | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Q2 2026 | 0.9x | Very low |
| Q1 2026 | 0.8x | Very low |
| Q4 2025 | 2.1x | Moderate |
| Q3 2025 | 3.5x | Elevated |
| Q2 2025 | 2.6x | Moderate |
| Q1 2025 | 1.9x | Healthy |
| Q4 2024 | 1.3x | Healthy |
| Q3 2024 | 0.7x | Very low |
ESOA's net debt is less than a year of its operating earnings (EBITDA), down from 2.6 years a year ago.
CAT Weekly Momentum
| Metric | Value | Status |
|---|---|---|
| RSI | 32.7 | Neutral |
| Stochastic | 6.7 | Oversold |
CAT's weekly RSI is 33 (neutral) and its Stochastic is 7 (oversold).
ESOA Weekly Momentum
| Metric | Value | Status |
|---|---|---|
| RSI | 32.8 | Neutral |
| Stochastic | 5.4 | Oversold |
ESOA's weekly RSI is 33 (neutral) and its Stochastic is 5 (oversold).
CAT PE vs Industrials Sector
| Metric | CAT | Sector median | Relative |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE | 24x | 24x | 1.3% below |
| PE % | 69 | 58 | 11 pts above |
CAT is trading at 24x earnings, in line with the Industrials sector's median of 24x.
ESOA PE vs Industrials Sector
| Metric | ESOA | Sector median | Relative |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE | 14x | 24x | 40% below |
| PE % | 54 | 58 | 4 pts below |
ESOA has the edge over CAT on valuation relative to its sector.
CAT Weekly Moving Averages
| Moving average | MA price | Relative |
|---|---|---|
| 8 week MA | $709.0 | 15% below |
| 20 week MA | $797.0 | 24% below |
| 50 week MA | $771.3 | 22% below |
| 100 week MA | $586.7 | 3.2% above |
| 200 week MA | $443.1 | 37% above |
CAT has the edge over ESOA on trend strength, trading above more of its moving averages.
ESOA Weekly Moving Averages
| Moving average | MA price | Relative |
|---|---|---|
| 8 week MA | $9.73 | 9.8% below |
| 20 week MA | $12.2 | 28% below |
| 50 week MA | $12.8 | 31% below |
| 100 week MA | $11.6 | 24% below |
| 200 week MA | $8.79 | 0.1% below |
ESOA is in a downtrend: it's below all five of its weekly moving averages, and 0.1% below its 200-week average.
CAT Yearly ROI
| Year | Start price | End price | ROI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $148.3 | $179.6 | +21% |
| 2021 | $179.6 | $206.2 | +15% |
| 2022 | $206.2 | $239.9 | +16% |
| 2023 | $239.9 | $295.7 | +23% |
| 2024 | $295.7 | $364.9 | +23% |
| 2025 | $364.9 | $583.0 | +60% |
| 2026 YTD | $583.0 | $605.3 | +3.8% |
CAT has finished every year since 2020 higher, and it's up 3.8% so far in 2026.
ESOA Yearly ROI
| Year | Start price | End price | ROI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $0.82 | $1.25 | +52% |
| 2021 | $1.25 | $3.30 | +164% |
| 2022 | $3.30 | $2.68 | -19% |
| 2023 | $2.68 | $5.98 | +123% |
| 2024 | $5.98 | $13.2 | +121% |
| 2025 | $13.2 | $8.04 | -39% |
| 2026 YTD | $8.04 | $8.78 | +9.2% |
ESOA has the edge over CAT on returns for 2026, with the stronger performance.