CAT
Caterpillar Inc.
CAT has lower modeled downside risk, despite its lower overall score.
CRM
Salesforce, Inc.
CRM has a slight edge over CAT overall, supported by stronger valuation.
CAT Fundamentals
| Metric | Status |
|---|---|
| Healthy | |
| Strong | |
| Strong | |
| Strong |
CAT's revenue, profitability, cash flow and balance sheet are all currently healthy.
CRM Fundamentals
| Metric | Status |
|---|---|
| Healthy | |
| Healthy | |
| Strong | |
| Stable |
CRM's revenue, profitability and cash flow are currently healthy, and its balance sheet is stable.
CAT PE Valuation
| Level | PE | Price | Vs current |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cheap | 15x | $380 | -37% |
| Fair | 18x | $461 | -24% |
| Forward | 20x | $605 | — |
| Current | 24x | $605 | — |
| Expensive | 33x | $840 | +39% |
Historical ranges are pointers, not guarantees.
CAT's PE is in its expensive range at 24x. If earnings grow as analysts expect, today's price would be 20x next year's earnings, in its fair range.
CRM PE Valuation
| Level | PE | Price | Vs current |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 20x | $218 | — |
| Cheap | 36x | $393 | +80% |
| Fair | 70x | $766 | +252% |
| Expensive | 293x | $3,206 | +1374% |
Historical ranges are pointers, not guarantees.
CRM has the edge over CAT in the historical PE scenario, which offers more potential upside but is not a forecast.
CAT Forward outlook
| Metric | Outlook |
|---|---|
| Improving | |
| Strong growth | |
| Growth | |
| Strongly improving | |
| Moderate | |
| Low |
Analysts expect earnings and revenue growth for CAT, with profitability improving. However, they disagree widely on these estimates.
CRM Forward outlook
There aren't enough analyst estimates for CRM to show an outlook.
CAT Earnings Per Share
| Quarter | TTM EPS | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Forward | $30.32 | +19% |
| Q3 2026 | $25.48 | +31% |
| Q2 2026 | $23.23 | +18% |
| Q1 2026 | $20.08 | -2% |
| Q4 2025 | $18.81 | -15% |
| Q3 2025 | $19.46 | -9.7% |
| Q2 2025 | $19.64 | -10% |
| Q1 2025 | $20.50 | -7.4% |
| Q4 2024 | $22.05 | +9.6% |
CAT earned $25.48 per share over the past year, up 31% from the year before.
CRM Earnings Per Share
| Quarter | TTM EPS | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $10.96 | +59% |
| Q2 2026 | $8.63 | +35% |
| Q1 2026 | $7.80 | +23% |
| Q4 2025 | $7.49 | +23% |
| Q3 2025 | $6.88 | +20% |
| Q2 2025 | $6.39 | +15% |
| Q1 2025 | $6.36 | +51% |
| Q4 2024 | $6.08 | +131% |
CRM has the edge over CAT on earnings, with more consistent year-over-year improvement.
CAT Quarterly Revenue
| Quarter | Revenue | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $20.7B | +17% |
| Q2 2026 | $20.5B | +24% |
| Q1 2026 | $17.4B | +22% |
| Q4 2025 | $19.1B | +18% |
| Q3 2025 | $17.6B | +9.5% |
| Q2 2025 | $16.6B | -0.7% |
| Q1 2025 | $14.2B | -9.8% |
| Q4 2024 | $16.2B | -5% |
CAT's revenue has grown year over year for five quarters in a row: $20.7B last quarter, up 17% from the same quarter a year ago.
| Quarter | Margin | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | 20% | +3.1 points |
| Q2 2026 | 21% | +3.6 points |
| Q1 2026 | 18% | -0.4 points |
| Q4 2025 | 14% | -4.1 points |
| Q3 2025 | 17% | -2.2 points |
| Q2 2025 | 17% | -3.6 points |
| Q1 2025 | 18% | -4.2 points |
| Q4 2024 | 18% | -0.3 points |
CAT's operating margin was 20% last quarter, up 3.1 points from the same quarter a year ago.
CRM Quarterly Revenue
| Quarter | Revenue | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $11.3B | +11% |
| Q2 2026 | $11.1B | +13% |
| Q1 2026 | $11.2B | +12% |
| Q4 2025 | $10.3B | +8.6% |
| Q3 2025 | $10.2B | +9.8% |
| Q2 2025 | $9.8B | +7.6% |
| Q1 2025 | $10B | +7.6% |
| Q4 2024 | $9.4B | +8.3% |
CRM's revenue has grown year over year every quarter since late 2020: $11.3B last quarter, up 11% from the same quarter a year ago.
| Quarter | Margin | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | 21% | -2.2 points |
| Q2 2026 | 21% | +1.3 points |
| Q1 2026 | 17% | -1.5 points |
| Q4 2025 | 21% | +1.3 points |
| Q3 2025 | 23% | +3.7 points |
| Q2 2025 | 20% | +1.1 points |
| Q1 2025 | 18% | +0.7 points |
| Q4 2024 | 20% | +2.8 points |
CRM has the edge over CAT on profitability, with a higher operating margin.
CAT Free Cash Flow
| Quarter | Free cash flow | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $3.7B | +19% |
| Q2 2026 | $3.8B | +47% |
| Q1 2026 | $1.1B | +97% |
| Q4 2025 | $2.7B | +0.1% |
| Q3 2025 | $3.1B | -1.5% |
| Q2 2025 | $2.6B | -4.2% |
| Q1 2025 | $579M | -63% |
| Q4 2024 | $2.7B | -22% |
CAT generated $11.3B in free cash flow over the past year, up 26% from the year before.
CRM Free Cash Flow
| Quarter | Free cash flow | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $1.1B | +81% |
| Q2 2026 | $6.6B | +4.1% |
| Q1 2026 | $5.3B | +39% |
| Q4 2025 | $2.2B | +22% |
| Q3 2025 | $605M | -20% |
| Q2 2025 | $6.3B | +3.5% |
| Q1 2025 | $3.8B | +17% |
| Q4 2024 | $1.8B | +30% |
CRM has the edge over CAT on cash flow, with more consistent year-over-year improvement.
CAT Total Shares
| Period | Change % | Net change |
|---|---|---|
| Quarterly | -0.3% | -1.6M shares |
| 1 year | -2.1% | -9.9M shares |
| 3 years | -10% | -51.7M shares |
| 5 years | -16% | -86.7M shares |
| Available history | -19% | -107M shares |
CAT has 461M diluted shares, down 2.1% from a year ago, with $8.1B in buybacks over the past year.
| Quarter | Spent |
|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $1.2B |
| Q2 2026 | $1.5B |
| Q1 2026 | $5B |
| Q4 2025 | $340M |
| Q3 2025 | $362M |
| Q2 2025 | $828M |
| Q1 2025 | $3.7B |
| Q4 2024 | $640M |
CAT spent $8.1B buying back its own shares over the past year, up 47% from the year before.
CRM Total Shares
| Period | Change % | Net change |
|---|---|---|
| Quarterly | -5.7% | -50M shares |
| 1 year | -15% | -141M shares |
| 3 years | -17% | -165M shares |
| 5 years | -14% | -129M shares |
| Available history | -6.6% | -58M shares |
CRM has the edge over CAT on shareholder dilution, with a more favorable share count trend.
| Quarter | Spent |
|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $84M |
| Q2 2026 | $27.2B |
| Q1 2026 | $3.9B |
| Q4 2025 | $3.8B |
| Q3 2025 | $2.2B |
| Q2 2025 | $2.6B |
| Q1 2025 | $76M |
| Q4 2024 | $1.3B |
CRM spent $35.1B buying back its own shares over the past year, about six times what it spent the year before.
CAT Net Leverage
| Quarter | Net Leverage | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | -0.5x | Net Cash |
| Q2 2026 | -0.4x | Net Cash |
| Q1 2026 | -0.3x | Net Cash |
| Q4 2025 | 2.0x | Healthy |
| Q3 2025 | -0.6x | Net Cash |
| Q2 2025 | -0.4x | Net Cash |
| Q1 2025 | -0.3x | Net Cash |
| Q4 2024 | 1.6x | Healthy |
CAT has the edge over CRM on leverage, with a lower net debt burden relative to earnings.
CRM Net Leverage
| Quarter | Net Leverage | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | 2.5x | Moderate |
| Q2 2026 | 2.4x | Moderate |
| Q1 2026 | 0.6x | Very low |
| Q4 2025 | -0.1x | Net Cash |
| Q3 2025 | -0.2x | Net Cash |
| Q2 2025 | -0.2x | Net Cash |
| Q1 2025 | -0.0x | Net Cash |
| Q4 2024 | 0.0x | Very low |
CRM's net debt is about 2.5 years of its operating earnings (EBITDA), after holding more cash than debt a year ago.
CAT Weekly Momentum
| Metric | Value | Status |
|---|---|---|
| RSI | 32.7 | Neutral |
| Stochastic | 6.7 | Oversold |
CAT's weekly RSI is 33 (neutral) and its Stochastic is 7 (oversold).
CRM Weekly Momentum
| Metric | Value | Status |
|---|---|---|
| RSI | 50.7 | Neutral |
| Stochastic | 44.2 | Neutral |
CRM's weekly RSI is 51 (neutral) and its Stochastic is 44 (neutral).
CAT PE vs Industrials Sector
| Metric | CAT | Sector median | Relative |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE | 24x | 24x | 1.3% below |
| PE % | 69 | 58 | 11 pts above |
CAT is trading at 24x earnings, in line with the Industrials sector's median of 24x.
CRM PE vs Technology Sector
| Metric | CRM | Sector median | Relative |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE | 20x | 28x | 29% below |
| PE % | 2 | 35 | 33 pts below |
CRM has the edge over CAT on valuation relative to its sector.
CAT Weekly Moving Averages
| Moving average | MA price | Relative |
|---|---|---|
| 8 week MA | $709.0 | 15% below |
| 20 week MA | $797.0 | 24% below |
| 50 week MA | $771.3 | 22% below |
| 100 week MA | $586.7 | 3.2% above |
| 200 week MA | $443.1 | 37% above |
CAT has pulled back, but its long-term trend is still up: it's below its 8-, 20- and 50-week averages, but 37% above its 200-week average.
CRM Weekly Moving Averages
| Moving average | MA price | Relative |
|---|---|---|
| 8 week MA | $230.9 | 5.8% below |
| 20 week MA | $214.7 | 1.3% above |
| 50 week MA | $206.8 | 5.2% above |
| 100 week MA | $239.7 | 9.2% below |
| 200 week MA | $242.0 | 10% below |
CRM's trend is mixed: it's above two of its five weekly moving averages, and 10% below its 200-week average.
CAT Yearly ROI
| Year | Start price | End price | ROI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $148.3 | $179.6 | +21% |
| 2021 | $179.6 | $206.2 | +15% |
| 2022 | $206.2 | $239.9 | +16% |
| 2023 | $239.9 | $295.7 | +23% |
| 2024 | $295.7 | $364.9 | +23% |
| 2025 | $364.9 | $583.0 | +60% |
| 2026 YTD | $583.0 | $605.3 | +3.8% |
CAT has the edge over CRM on returns for 2026, with the stronger performance.
CRM Yearly ROI
| Year | Start price | End price | ROI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $165.0 | $225.8 | +37% |
| 2021 | $225.8 | $253.1 | +12% |
| 2022 | $253.1 | $129.4 | -49% |
| 2023 | $129.4 | $263.1 | +103% |
| 2024 | $263.1 | $338.5 | +29% |
| 2025 | $338.5 | $266.1 | -21% |
| 2026 YTD | $266.1 | $217.6 | -18% |
CRM's yearly returns have swung widely, from +103% in 2023 to −49% in 2022. It's down 18% so far in 2026.