CAT
Caterpillar Inc.
CAT has lower modeled downside risk, despite its lower overall score.
CODA
Coda Octopus Group, Inc.
CODA has a slight edge over CAT overall, supported by stronger valuation.
CAT Fundamentals
| Metric | Status |
|---|---|
| Healthy | |
| Strong | |
| Strong | |
| Strong |
CAT's revenue, profitability, cash flow and balance sheet are all currently healthy.
CODA Fundamentals
| Metric | Status |
|---|---|
| Stable | |
| Strong | |
| Unavailable | |
| Strong |
CODA's profitability and balance sheet are currently strong, and its revenue is stable. There isn't enough data to rate its cash flow.
CAT PE Valuation
| Level | PE | Price | Vs current |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cheap | 15x | $380 | -37% |
| Fair | 18x | $461 | -24% |
| Forward | 20x | $605 | — |
| Current | 24x | $605 | — |
| Expensive | 33x | $840 | +39% |
Historical ranges are pointers, not guarantees.
CAT's PE is in its expensive range at 24x. If earnings grow as analysts expect, today's price would be 20x next year's earnings, in its fair range.
CODA PE Valuation
| Level | PE | Price | Vs current |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cheap | 16x | $7.02 | -19% |
| Forward | 16x | $8.65 | — |
| Current | 19x | $8.65 | — |
| Fair | 20x | $9.22 | +6.5% |
| Expensive | 29x | $13.13 | +52% |
Historical ranges are pointers, not guarantees.
CODA has the edge over CAT in the historical PE scenario, which offers more potential upside but is not a forecast.
CAT Forward outlook
| Metric | Outlook |
|---|---|
| Improving | |
| Strong growth | |
| Growth | |
| Strongly improving | |
| Moderate | |
| Low |
Analysts expect earnings and revenue growth for CAT, with profitability improving. However, they disagree widely on these estimates.
CODA Forward outlook
| Metric | Outlook |
|---|---|
| Improving | |
| Strong growth | |
| Growth | |
| Improving | |
| Limited | |
| Moderate |
Analysts expect earnings and revenue growth for CODA, with profitability improving.
CAT Earnings Per Share
| Quarter | TTM EPS | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Forward | $30.32 | +19% |
| Q3 2026 | $25.48 | +31% |
| Q2 2026 | $23.23 | +18% |
| Q1 2026 | $20.08 | -2% |
| Q4 2025 | $18.81 | -15% |
| Q3 2025 | $19.46 | -9.7% |
| Q2 2025 | $19.64 | -10% |
| Q1 2025 | $20.50 | -7.4% |
| Q4 2024 | $22.05 | +9.6% |
CAT earned $25.48 per share over the past year, up 31% from the year before.
CODA Earnings Per Share
| Quarter | TTM EPS | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Forward | $0.54 | +19% |
| Q3 2026 | $0.45 | +55% |
| Q2 2026 | $0.44 | +52% |
| Q1 2026 | $0.37 | +8.8% |
| Q4 2025 | $0.37 | +16% |
| Q3 2025 | $0.29 | +3.6% |
| Q2 2025 | $0.29 | +12% |
| Q1 2025 | $0.34 | +55% |
| Q4 2024 | $0.32 | +14% |
CODA has the edge over CAT on earnings, with more consistent year-over-year improvement.
CAT Quarterly Revenue
| Quarter | Revenue | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $20.7B | +17% |
| Q2 2026 | $20.5B | +24% |
| Q1 2026 | $17.4B | +22% |
| Q4 2025 | $19.1B | +18% |
| Q3 2025 | $17.6B | +9.5% |
| Q2 2025 | $16.6B | -0.7% |
| Q1 2025 | $14.2B | -9.8% |
| Q4 2024 | $16.2B | -5% |
CAT has the stronger quarterly revenue trend. Revenue is up 17% for CAT versus down 1.6% for CODA.
| Quarter | Margin | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | 20% | +3.1 points |
| Q2 2026 | 21% | +3.6 points |
| Q1 2026 | 18% | -0.4 points |
| Q4 2025 | 14% | -4.1 points |
| Q3 2025 | 17% | -2.2 points |
| Q2 2025 | 17% | -3.6 points |
| Q1 2025 | 18% | -4.2 points |
| Q4 2024 | 18% | -0.3 points |
CAT's operating margin was 20% last quarter, up 3.1 points from the same quarter a year ago.
CODA Quarterly Revenue
| Quarter | Revenue | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q2 2026 | $6.9M | -1.6% |
| Q1 2026 | $6.7M | +29% |
| Q4 2025 | $7.3M | +44% |
| Q3 2025 | $7.1M | +29% |
| Q2 2025 | $7M | +32% |
| Q1 2025 | $5.2M | +17% |
| Q4 2024 | $5.1M | +42% |
| Q3 2024 | $5.5M | +12% |
CODA's revenue is growing: $7M last quarter, down 1.6% from the same quarter a year ago.
| Quarter | Margin | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q2 2026 | 26% | +11 points |
| Q1 2026 | 15% | +2.3 points |
| Q4 2025 | 19% | +14 points |
| Q3 2025 | 20% | -5.9 points |
| Q2 2025 | 16% | -9.9 points |
| Q1 2025 | 13% | +0.3 points |
| Q4 2024 | 5.7% | +15 points |
| Q3 2024 | 25% | +7.8 points |
CODA's operating margin was 26% last quarter, up 10 points from the same quarter a year ago, near the top of its range since 2019.
CAT Free Cash Flow
| Quarter | Free cash flow | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $3.7B | +19% |
| Q2 2026 | $3.8B | +47% |
| Q1 2026 | $1.1B | +97% |
| Q4 2025 | $2.7B | +0.1% |
| Q3 2025 | $3.1B | -1.5% |
| Q2 2025 | $2.6B | -4.2% |
| Q1 2025 | $579M | -63% |
| Q4 2024 | $2.7B | -22% |
CAT generated $11.3B in free cash flow over the past year, up 26% from the year before.
CODA Free Cash Flow
| Quarter | Free cash flow | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $1.2M | -23% |
| Q2 2026 | $449.1K | -68% |
| Q1 2026 | $1.4M | +172% |
| Q4 2025 | $2.5M | +30% |
| Q3 2025 | $1.6M | +3.1% |
| Q2 2025 | $1.4M | +$2.5M |
| Q1 2025 | $513.4K | +$947K |
| Q4 2024 | $1.9M | +$2.5M |
CODA has the edge over CAT on cash flow, with more consistent year-over-year improvement.
CAT Total Shares
| Period | Change % | Net change |
|---|---|---|
| Quarterly | -0.3% | -1.6M shares |
| 1 year | -2.1% | -9.9M shares |
| 3 years | -10% | -51.7M shares |
| 5 years | -16% | -86.7M shares |
| Available history | -19% | -107M shares |
CAT has the edge over CODA on shareholder dilution, with a more favorable share count trend.
| Quarter | Spent |
|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $1.2B |
| Q2 2026 | $1.5B |
| Q1 2026 | $5B |
| Q4 2025 | $340M |
| Q3 2025 | $362M |
| Q2 2025 | $828M |
| Q1 2025 | $3.7B |
| Q4 2024 | $640M |
CAT spent $8.1B buying back its own shares over the past year, up 47% from the year before.
CODA Total Shares
| Period | Change % | Net change |
|---|---|---|
| Quarterly | +0.1% | +13.1K shares |
| 1 year | 0% | -5.6K shares |
| 3 years | +0.1% | +14.8K shares |
| 5 years | -0.4% | -43.7K shares |
| Available history | +5.8% | +619K shares |
CODA has 11M diluted shares, about the same as a year ago.
| Quarter | Spent |
|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | — |
CAT Net Leverage
| Quarter | Net Leverage | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | -0.5x | Net Cash |
| Q2 2026 | -0.4x | Net Cash |
| Q1 2026 | -0.3x | Net Cash |
| Q4 2025 | 2.0x | Healthy |
| Q3 2025 | -0.6x | Net Cash |
| Q2 2025 | -0.4x | Net Cash |
| Q1 2025 | -0.3x | Net Cash |
| Q4 2024 | 1.6x | Healthy |
CAT has more cash than debt.
CODA Net Leverage
| Quarter | Net Leverage | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | -4.8x | Net Cash |
| Q2 2026 | -4.8x | Net Cash |
| Q1 2026 | -5.3x | Net Cash |
| Q4 2025 | -5.3x | Net Cash |
| Q3 2025 | -6.2x | Net Cash |
| Q2 2025 | -5.8x | Net Cash |
| Q1 2025 | -5.1x | Net Cash |
| Q4 2024 | -5.2x | Net Cash |
CODA has the edge over CAT on leverage, with a lower net debt burden relative to earnings.
CAT Weekly Momentum
| Metric | Value | Status |
|---|---|---|
| RSI | 32.7 | Neutral |
| Stochastic | 6.7 | Oversold |
CAT's weekly RSI is 33 (neutral) and its Stochastic is 7 (oversold).
CODA Weekly Momentum
| Metric | Value | Status |
|---|---|---|
| RSI | 37.0 | Neutral |
| Stochastic | 11.4 | Oversold |
CODA's weekly RSI is 37 (neutral) and its Stochastic is 11 (oversold).
CAT PE vs Industrials Sector
| Metric | CAT | Sector median | Relative |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE | 24x | 24x | 1.3% below |
| PE % | 69 | 58 | 11 pts above |
CAT is trading at 24x earnings, in line with the Industrials sector's median of 24x.
CODA PE vs Industrials Sector
| Metric | CODA | Sector median | Relative |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE | 19x | 24x | 20% below |
| PE % | 42 | 58 | 16 pts below |
CODA has the edge over CAT on valuation relative to its sector.
CAT Weekly Moving Averages
| Moving average | MA price | Relative |
|---|---|---|
| 8 week MA | $709.0 | 15% below |
| 20 week MA | $797.0 | 24% below |
| 50 week MA | $771.3 | 22% below |
| 100 week MA | $586.7 | 3.2% above |
| 200 week MA | $443.1 | 37% above |
CAT has the edge over CODA on trend strength, trading above more of its moving averages.
CODA Weekly Moving Averages
| Moving average | MA price | Relative |
|---|---|---|
| 8 week MA | $9.66 | 10% below |
| 20 week MA | $9.96 | 13% below |
| 50 week MA | $10.9 | 20% below |
| 100 week MA | $9.32 | 7.2% below |
| 200 week MA | $8.26 | 4.7% above |
CODA has fallen below most of its moving averages, though it's still 4.7% above its 200-week average.
CAT Yearly ROI
| Year | Start price | End price | ROI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $148.3 | $179.6 | +21% |
| 2021 | $179.6 | $206.2 | +15% |
| 2022 | $206.2 | $239.9 | +16% |
| 2023 | $239.9 | $295.7 | +23% |
| 2024 | $295.7 | $364.9 | +23% |
| 2025 | $364.9 | $583.0 | +60% |
| 2026 YTD | $583.0 | $605.3 | +3.8% |
CAT has the edge over CODA on returns for 2026, with the stronger performance.
CODA Yearly ROI
| Year | Start price | End price | ROI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $8.68 | $5.97 | -31% |
| 2021 | $5.97 | $7.96 | +33% |
| 2022 | $7.96 | $7.09 | -11% |
| 2023 | $7.09 | $6.02 | -15% |
| 2024 | $6.02 | $8.01 | +33% |
| 2025 | $8.01 | $9.36 | +17% |
| 2026 YTD | $9.36 | $8.65 | -7.6% |
CODA has finished lower in three of the last six years. It's down 7.6% so far in 2026.