AAOI
Applied Optoelectronics, Inc.
AAOI lost money over the past year, so it has no meaningful PE right now. Analysts expect earnings to recover and profitability to improve, though they disagree widely on how much.
REFR
Research Frontiers Incorporated
There isn't enough reported data to score REFR yet.
AAOI Fundamentals
| Metric | Status |
|---|---|
| Strong | |
| Under pressure | |
| Weak | |
| Unavailable |
AAOI's revenue is currently strong, but its profitability and cash flow are under pressure. There isn't enough data to rate its balance sheet.
REFR Fundamentals
| Metric | Status |
|---|---|
| Under pressure | |
| Weak | |
| Weak | |
| Unavailable |
REFR's revenue, profitability and cash flow are currently under pressure. There isn't enough data to rate its balance sheet.
AAOI PE Valuation
AAOI has no meaningful PE right now: it lost money over the past year. If it returns to profit as analysts expect, today's price would be 18x next year's earnings.
REFR PE Valuation
REFR has no meaningful PE right now: it lost money over the past year.
AAOI Forward outlook
| Metric | Outlook |
|---|---|
| -- | |
| Returning to profit | |
| Strong growth | |
| Strongly improving | |
| Limited | |
| Low |
Analysts expect AAOI to return to profit, with revenue growing. However, they disagree widely on these estimates.
REFR Forward outlook
There aren't enough analyst estimates for REFR to show an outlook.
AAOI Earnings Per Share
| Quarter | TTM EPS | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Forward | $2.98 | — |
| Q3 2026 | -$0.42 | +$3.02 |
| Q2 2026 | -$0.77 | +$2.81 |
| Q1 2026 | -$0.65 | +$3.43 |
| Q4 2025 | -$0.64 | +$3.86 |
| Q3 2025 | -$3.44 | -$1.41 |
| Q2 2025 | -$3.58 | -$1.70 |
| Q1 2025 | -$4.08 | -$2.29 |
| Q4 2024 | -$4.50 | -$2.75 |
AAOI has the edge over REFR on earnings, with more consistent year-over-year improvement.
REFR Earnings Per Share
| Quarter | TTM EPS | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | -$0.07 | $0.00 |
| Q2 2026 | -$0.07 | -$0.01 |
| Q1 2026 | -$0.07 | -$0.03 |
| Q4 2025 | -$0.06 | -$0.02 |
| Q3 2025 | -$0.07 | -$0.03 |
| Q2 2025 | -$0.06 | -$0.01 |
| Q1 2025 | -$0.04 | +$0.02 |
| Q4 2024 | -$0.04 | +$0.02 |
REFR is still losing money, but less than at its worst: $0.07 per share over the past year, against $0.13 at its worst in late 2019.
AAOI Quarterly Revenue
| Quarter | Revenue | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $269.9M | +127% |
| Q2 2026 | $191.9M | +86% |
| Q1 2026 | $151.1M | +51% |
| Q4 2025 | $134.3M | +34% |
| Q3 2025 | $118.6M | +82% |
| Q2 2025 | $103M | +138% |
| Q1 2025 | $99.9M | +146% |
| Q4 2024 | $100.3M | +66% |
AAOI has the edge over REFR on sales, with more consistent year-over-year improvement.
| Quarter | Margin | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | -0.5% | +15 points |
| Q2 2026 | -13% | +2.6 points |
| Q1 2026 | -8.6% | +0.3 points |
| Q4 2025 | -8.6% | -2.1 points |
| Q3 2025 | -15% | +10 points |
| Q2 2025 | -16% | +45 points |
| Q1 2025 | -8.9% | +44 points |
| Q4 2024 | -6.5% | +1 points |
AAOI has the edge over REFR on profitability, with a higher operating margin.
REFR Quarterly Revenue
| Quarter | Revenue | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | $77K | -79% |
| Q2 2026 | $86.3K | -34% |
| Q1 2026 | $136.3K | -76% |
| Q4 2025 | $72.1K | -60% |
| Q3 2025 | $359.4K | +1.4% |
| Q2 2025 | $129.9K | -73% |
| Q1 2025 | $559.8K | +79% |
| Q4 2024 | $178.2K | -43% |
REFR's revenue has slid since its 2021 peak: $77,041 last quarter, down 79% from the same quarter a year ago.
| Quarter | Margin | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | -673% | -588 points |
| Q2 2026 | -776% | -148 points |
| Q1 2026 | -389% | -346 points |
| Q4 2025 | -1073% | -722 points |
| Q3 2025 | -85% | -19 points |
| Q2 2025 | -627% | -604 points |
| Q1 2025 | -43% | +107 points |
| Q4 2024 | -350% | -189 points |
REFR's operating margin was −673% last quarter, down 588 points from the same quarter a year ago.
AAOI Free Cash Flow
| Quarter | Free cash flow | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | -$369.9M | -$291.2M |
| Q2 2026 | -$265.3M | -$174.4M |
| Q1 2026 | -$143.6M | -$64.3M |
| Q4 2025 | -$104.6M | -$51.6M |
| Q3 2025 | -$78.7M | -$58M |
| Q2 2025 | -$91M | -$86M |
| Q1 2025 | -$79.3M | -$45.1M |
| Q4 2024 | -$53M | -$48.4M |
AAOI has burned cash in almost every quarter: −$883M over the past year, against −$302M the year before.
REFR Free Cash Flow
| Quarter | Free cash flow | YoY |
|---|---|---|
| Q3 2026 | -$443.3K | -$299.4K |
| Q2 2026 | -$191.3K | -$112.8K |
| Q1 2026 | -$760K | -$118.6K |
| Q4 2025 | -$466.1K | -1109% |
| Q3 2025 | -$143.9K | +$114.6K |
| Q2 2025 | -$78.5K | +$108.4K |
| Q1 2025 | -$641.4K | -$250.2K |
| Q4 2024 | $46.2K | +$595.2K |
REFR has the edge over AAOI on cash flow, with more consistent year-over-year improvement.
AAOI Total Shares
| Period | Change % | Net change |
|---|---|---|
| Quarterly | +7.7% | +6.3M shares |
| 1 year | +39% | +24.5M shares |
| 3 years | +168% | +55.1M shares |
| 5 years | +224% | +60.7M shares |
| Available history | +340% | +67.9M shares |
AAOI has 88M diluted shares, up 39% from a year ago.
REFR Total Shares
| Period | Change % | Net change |
|---|---|---|
| Quarterly | 0% | -- |
| 1 year | +3.6% | +1.2M shares |
| 3 years | +4.1% | +1.4M shares |
| 5 years | +10% | +3.2M shares |
| Available history | +16% | +4.9M shares |
REFR has the edge over AAOI on shareholder dilution, with a more favorable share count trend.
AAOI Net Leverage
AAOI's operating earnings (EBITDA) were negative over the past year, so its debt can't be measured against them.
REFR Net Leverage
REFR's operating earnings (EBITDA) were negative over the past year, so its debt can't be measured against them.
AAOI Weekly Momentum
| Metric | Value | Status |
|---|---|---|
| RSI | 35.1 | Neutral |
| Stochastic | 4.8 | Oversold |
AAOI's weekly RSI is 35 (neutral) and its Stochastic is 5 (oversold).
REFR Weekly Momentum
| Metric | Value | Status |
|---|---|---|
| RSI | 37.1 | Neutral |
| Stochastic | 4.7 | Oversold |
REFR's weekly RSI is 37 (neutral) and its Stochastic is 5 (oversold).
AAOI PE vs Technology Sector
AAOI has no meaningful PE right now: it lost money over the past year.
REFR PE vs Technology Sector
REFR has no meaningful PE right now: it lost money over the past year.
AAOI Weekly Moving Averages
| Moving average | MA price | Relative |
|---|---|---|
| 8 week MA | $80.2 | 34% below |
| 20 week MA | $100.6 | 47% below |
| 50 week MA | $100.3 | 47% below |
| 100 week MA | $62.3 | 15% below |
| 200 week MA | $36.9 | 43% above |
AAOI has the edge over REFR on trend strength, trading above more of its moving averages.
REFR Weekly Moving Averages
| Moving average | MA price | Relative |
|---|---|---|
| 8 week MA | $0.53 | 32% below |
| 20 week MA | $0.50 | 28% below |
| 50 week MA | $0.81 | 56% below |
| 100 week MA | $1.18 | 69% below |
| 200 week MA | $1.40 | 74% below |
REFR is in a downtrend: it's below all five of its weekly moving averages, and 74% below its 200-week average.
AAOI Yearly ROI
| Year | Start price | End price | ROI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $11.5 | $8.77 | -24% |
| 2021 | $8.77 | $5.64 | -36% |
| 2022 | $5.64 | $1.95 | -65% |
| 2023 | $1.95 | $19.3 | +891% |
| 2024 | $19.3 | $37.7 | +95% |
| 2025 | $37.7 | $37.2 | -1.5% |
| 2026 YTD | $37.2 | $52.9 | +42% |
AAOI has the edge over REFR on returns for 2026, with the stronger performance.
REFR Yearly ROI
| Year | Start price | End price | ROI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $3.07 | $2.81 | -8.5% |
| 2021 | $2.81 | $1.75 | -38% |
| 2022 | $1.75 | $2.03 | +16% |
| 2023 | $2.03 | $1.01 | -50% |
| 2024 | $1.01 | $1.63 | +61% |
| 2025 | $1.63 | $1.38 | -15% |
| 2026 YTD | $1.38 | $0.36 | -74% |
REFR has finished lower in four of the last six years. It's down 74% so far in 2026.